PADILLA Surname Meaning, Origin and Genealogy

Padilla is a Spanish geographical or locational surname, originating from a number of different villages of that name, from the Spanish padilla, meaning saucepan or bread pan, which in turn derived from the Latin patella, a diminutive of patina, or shallow dish. In this sense, the word was used topographically to describe a village built in a gentle depression. Padilla is the 57th most common Hispanic surname. Surname Origin Spanish Alternate Surname Spellings PADILLO, PADILA, PADILO, DE PADILLA, DE PADILLO Famous People With the Surname PADILLA Josà © Padilla - Spanish composer and pianistLeonard Padilla - American bounty hunterErnesto Padilla – Cuban-American artist and cigar makerHeberto Padilla - Cuban poet and father of Ernesto Padilla Where do People With the Padilla Surname Live? According to Public Profiler: World Names the majority of individuals with the Padilla surname live in Spain, followed by larger concentrations in Argentina and the United States, plus small populations in France and Canada. Public Profiler doesnt include information from all countries, however, including Mexico and Venezuela. Genealogy Resources for the Surname PADILLA 100 Common Hispanic Surnames Their MeaningsGarcia, Martinez, Rodriguez, Lopez, Hernandez... Are you one of the millions of people sporting one of these top 100 common Hispanic last names? Ancestry.com - Padilla Genealogy Records (free trial or subscription required)Thousands of records for individuals with the Padilla surname can be found on the subscription website Ancestry.com, including births, marriages, census, immigration and military records. PADILLA Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Padilla surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Padilla query. FamilySearch - PADILLA GenealogyFind records, queries, and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Padilla surname and its variations. PADILLA Surname Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Padilla surname. Cousin Connect - PADILLA Genealogy QueriesRead or post genealogy queries for the surname Padilla, and sign up for free notification when new Padilla queries are added. DistantCousin.com - PADILLA Genealogy Family HistoryFree databases and genealogy links for the last name Padilla. You can read more about interesting surname origins and meanings here.

Corporate Social Responsibility ( Csr ) - 865 Words

When it comes to corporate social responsibility (CSR), that bottom line almost always drives the narrative. Since the global recession, a large portion of the world’s corporate entities have increased attention towards its CSR. With an increased focus on environmental and social issues, these companies touted its efforts to remind the general public that they are on the side of change. According to a KPMG survey from 2013, 93% of the world s largest 250 companies (from 2012) published an annual report on its CSR efforts. Taking that transparency to another level, 60% of those reports came from independent audits to ensure the public that the CSR efforts were indeed up to their claims. These 250 companies, known as the G250, operate in 14 sectors across 30 countries. This year s CSR Rep Trak100, measuring the companies with the best CSR reputations, saw Europe, Latin America, North America and the Asian Pacific region represented in the list that saw Google top the list. Countries like India (up 53%) and China (16%) are seeing some of the most movement. Across all business sectors today, 50% or more report its CSR efforts. While it appears that the world’s companies are taking on a more conscious approach to the world around them, don’t be fooled. Most companies CSR efforts are directly tied to its bottom dollar. As CSR notes, Since the 2008 crisis, those companies with a stronger reputation have performed significantly better (almost 2X the return) than the overallShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility And Csr1566 Words   |  7 PagesSocial responsibility or also called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)- is the firm’s engagement (voluntarily initiated) in and its compliance (legally mandated) to environmental, social, and governance issues (The Foundation, 2014). Also, is based on stakeholder’s needs being financially sustainable, and CSR can come from both corporate or not-to-profit organizations. CSR has seven categories; Leadership, vision and values; Marketplace activities; Workforce activities; Supply chain activities;Read MoreCorporate Social Responsibi lity ( Csr )1167 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept which is also known as corporate citizenship, corporate conscience or in a simple way a responsible business. It is an integrated concept of self-regulatory business model for any organisation. Corporate Social Responsibility has been in practice for more than fifty years now, which has been adopted not only by domestic companies but also by transnational company with voluntary CSR initiativesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr1232 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate social responsibility has become a buzzword within the industry in the last few years. Following the financial market crash investors and stakeholders began looking at corporations to act more socially responsible. The meaning of social responsibility differs across regions. Western countries are the ones who are pushing for corporate social responsibility -thesis-- A broad overview at corporate social responsibility (CSR) looks to corporations to make a change in the society or the environmentRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility1598 Words   |  7 Pages CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is defined by many groups like, Tata steel, Coca Cola, Reliance, Videocon etc. Although they all stand for similar meanings connecting to taking responsibilities of the society as a business individual, its definition has been getting broader from a established point of view, corporate social responsibility is a type of business instruction included in a business demonstration. CSR policy functions as a self-regulatoryRead MoreCsr : Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1285 Words   |  6 PagesCSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility and it is a concept with many definitions and practices and also a buzzword in the media. In general, corporate social responsibility is the policies and progra ms of business corporations which tend to benefit society while improving a corporation’s public image and profitability at the same time. The meaning of it is implemented in different countries and companies differently. Warren Buffet said that it takes 20 years to build a reputation and onlyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )863 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology in the last century. The term of Corporate Social Responsibility appears more often into public’s concerned and it has become a hot issue in recent years. This essay is going to discuss and provide an overview of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by debate some key issue in this area. 1.2 What is Corporate Social Responsibility? In 1953, Bowen’s Social Responsibility of the Businessman firstly discusses the idea of corporate social responsibility. He states the relationship between societyRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1314 Words   |  6 PagesSocial responsibility has become a primal interest to the humankind for the past two decades. In the earlier days, the firms and organizations concentrated only on the financial part of the business and ignored the ethical, social and moral sectors. But in the recent times, the businesses are getting a grip of the significance of the social, ecological and environmental effects on their success. This has resulted in the emerging interactions between organizations and social segments thus giving riseRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1173 Words   |  5 Pages Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is highly important to Millennials. If a company is lacking a CSR plan, now it a good time to start one. Millennials are looking for ways in making a positive impact on the world and are expecting the same from companies. They are looking for companies that contribute to the betterment of communities and the environment. Millennials put great value in supporting such brands, companies and organizations that share these values. Companies without a CSR in placeRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Csr979 Words   |  4 PagesThe notion of Corporate Social Responsibility is a phenomenon globally known for many years. In spite of the fact that CSR has been neglected for quite a long time, nowadays several authors deal with this issue, as revealed by the development of theories in recent years concerning the topic. In spite of the fact that there has been a huge growth of literature it is still impossible to simply define CSR. Many definitions trying to capture the concept of CSR exist, but their content varies (MattenRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility ( Csr )1370 Words   |  6 Pagesmore attention on the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The core issue is the appropriate responsibility of business. In as much as firms ought to obey the law, but beyond complete compliance with environmental laws, the question is whether firms have extra social responsibilities to commit part of their resources to environmental preservation voluntarily. This memo provides an exploratory investigation of the link between corporate social responsibility and the benefits accruing to a

ADP Security Evaluation Essay Example For Students

ADP Security Evaluation Essay ADP Automatic Data Processing, Inc. (NYSE:AUD)ADP is one of the largest independent computing services firms in the world with more than $4.5 billion in annual revenues and more than 425,000 clients. Founded in 1949, ADP provides computerized transaction processing, data communications, software, and information services to companies in virtually every industry. ADP Employer Services is the worlds largest provider of payroll services and human resource administration systems. It offers a comprehensive range of benefits, payroll and business tax deposit and reporting, time and attendance, 401(k) recordkeeping, and unemployment compensation and management services. In addition, ADP provides securities transaction processing and investor communications services to the brokerage and financial communities, industry-specific computing and consulting services to auto and truck dealers, and computerized, automated auto-repair estimating and auto parts availability services to the auto-repair industry. I picked ADP to analyze because their Dealers Services Group is a major player in the same industry as the company I work for, ABMC, Inc., Automotive Business Management Consultants, Inc. Computerized automated management for auto and truck dealers is big business, and there is stiff competition for dealers business. Because of ADPs size and diverse corporate structure, it is difficult to make comparisons with ABMC, Inc. We are still very small with only 38 employees and about 1,000 dealers. In addition, ABMC, Inc. is still privately owned with no outstanding security issues. Automotive related software is our only business as well. ADP is quite diversified and their Dealer Service Group provides only 15% of the companys total revenue. Over 18,000 auto and truck dealers in the United States, Canada, Europe, Asia, and Latin America use ADPs on-site systems and communications networks to manage virtually every are of operations. From parts sales, to repair service, to new vehicle to sales to bookkeeping. ADP systems and services target every aspect of the auto dealership. ADP has a remarkable record of earning growth. In July of 1996 it was published that ADP is the only public company in the nation to achieve consistent, record growth in earning and revenue for 139 quarters, nearly 35 years. Well, they have now reported 150 consecutive quarters of record sales and earnings. Thats 37 straight years of double-digit earnings per share growth. In just the past four years the earnings per share has grown at an average rate of 14%. Not only do analysists expect ADP shares to continue to perform, but the prediction is for the shares to actually outperform the market in the coming months. Total revenue and net earnings have also steadily climbed for ADP. In the September 14, 1998 listing of VARBusiness Top 100 Stocks, ADP ranked 44th based on an average annual return of 22.0%.Two stiff competitors in the Dealer Services business, Reynolds Reynolds and EDS ranked 46th and 57th, respectively. ADP stock carries Value Lines highest safety ranking. Their high recurring revenue stream, predictable interest income, and low exposure to foreign markets makes it an excellent portfolio holding. Much can be said about ADPs management as well. An October 1997 article in Sales Marketing Management noted ADPs sales-oriented culture, and gave their management praise for continually making strategic changes to improve efficiency. Weekly sales meetings at regional offices are designed to recognize and reward high achievers, as well as motivate sales personnel lagging behind. Wild applause and standing ovations are commonplace at these events. Upbeat music plays and high-fives abound, as employees share in camaraderie not often found in the workplace. According to stock analyst James A. Meyer, This company is so well managed that its the envy of everyone on Wall Street. Meyer went on to say, ADP manages resources prudently. All things being equal, far fewer people get far more done at AD P than at the average American corporation. Thats because its decentralized. ADPs theory rests in not making something complicated that isnt. Employees in the field report to management; management doesnt try to micromanage every little aspect of the company. Banning On Cloning Is Unjust EssayFrom Value Line1999 Dividend Declared$ 0.30with a financial calculator,PV-0.30I/YR14.47%estimated dividend growth rateBased on the calculation steps described above, I have determined the present value price of ADPs stock to be $26.69. This is lower than the NYSE closing price $39.375 on Friday, March 26, 1999 as reported by the Wall Street Journal. The estimated price of the stock at the end of the supernormal growth period is $39.90, calculated as the Earnings per Share of $1.90 times the Price Earning Ratio of 21.0. Using a financial calculator, discount each expected FV dividend to the present using the required rate of return. The sum of these present values, and the PV of the estimated value of the stock at the end of the supernormal dividend growth period is the current stock price. I/YR11.75511.75511.75511.755PV.268.275.28225.869$26.69This difference between my price of $26.69 and the NYSE closing price of $39.375 on March 26, 1999 is most likely related to investor expectations about the future of the stock compared to the projected figures reported in ValueLine. The stock is selling for a premium, in essence, which indicates that investors feel the expected return and benefits of holding ADP stock are greater than available in other securities available. With the turn of the century rapidly approaching, investors may be looking for stocks with proven track records. (Over 37 years of double-digit earnings per share growth isnt too shabby!) In February of this year ADP sold Peachtree Software, an accounting software package for small business, to Sage Software, Inc. This sale of close to $145 million dollars occurred after the ValueLine publication I used in this security analysis. This sale could very well have caused the current trading price of ADP stock to rise well above the price I calculated. Slight changes in either the stocks beta or the risk free rate make only small changes in the stocks price. If the 30-year Treasury bond rate were 6.5%, the stocks cost of capital changes to 12.675% and the price of the stock falls to $25.84. If we raise ADPs beta to just over the market level to 1.05 the price of the stock becomes $26.09. With proven management and earnings records, ADP, Inc. is a wise investment. Despite changes in the market and the U.S. and world economy, ADP has maintained positive growth over more than a quarter of a century. Their market share in the data processing and integrated payroll services industry is unmatched. They have mastered the business of human resources and personnel administration services and it is paying off. Approximately 57% of company revenues come from this division. ADPs diversification into brokerage services and dealer and claim services helps to stabilize any market and corporate fluctuations. Business Wire. ADP Earns Top Honors Fro m Fortune Magazine. February 16, 1999. Dowling, Debra. Roseland, N.J., Company Envy of Wall Street. Knight-Ridder/TribuneBusiness News, July 12, 1996 p7120344Rasmusson, Erika. ADP (Automatic Data Processing Inc.s Sales Strategies. Sales Marketing Management, Oct 1997 v149 n10 p54(1). VARBusiness. The Top 100 Stocks Best of Publicly Traded Firms Among the VAR 500, Distribution 50 and retailers. September 14, 1998. Wernle, Bradford. Manheim, ADP Team Up On Used Cars. Automotive News, Sept. 22, 1997 Bibliography:Business Wire. ADP Earns Top Honors From Fortune Magazine. February 16, 1999. Dowling, Debra. Roseland, N.J., Company Envy of Wall Street. Knight-Ridder/TribuneBusiness News, July 12, 1996 p7120344Rasmusson, Erika. ADP (Automatic Data Processing Inc.s Sales Strategies. Sales Marketing Management, Oct 1997 v149 n10 p54(1). ValueLine. 1999. VARBusiness. The Top 100 Stocks Best of Publicly Traded Firms Among the VAR 500, Distribution 50 and retailers. September 14, 1998. Wernle, Bradford. Manheim, ADP Team Up On Used Cars. Automotive News, Sept. 22, 1997 n5732 p50(1).

Trains and Nature in Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams Essay Example

Trains and Nature in Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams Essay Both Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams are deeply interested in man’s interaction with nature in their poetry. Indeed, both poets were writing in America at the beginning and in the thick of the Industrial Revolution, and both men had to contend with America’s changing perspective on nature’s role in life. In his â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter,† Whitman creates an energetic and stark image of the train, at odds with nature while also providing an immaculate perspective on modern technology and change and the powerful effects that it can provide. Williams, on the other hand, looks at technological advancement as a natural part of a different landscape, this one being the modern world. In his â€Å"10/27† from The Descent of Winter, Williams paints a picture of the modern world, complete with overhead train lights, stoplights, and all aspects of modern industrial advancement. While both poets are interested in depicting the world as it is, Whi tman struggles with the implications of technological advancement and its threats to nature, while Williams sees technology as a part of nature.Walt Whitman is famous for his nature writing – indeed, Leaves of Grass, one of the most famous American collections of poetry in history, focuses on living in nature, and he’s writing in a time that must grapple with technological changes and how that shifts the American way of life. His poem â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter† captures this view intricately. The train itself is represented in myriad ways, including as a â€Å"Fierce-throated beauty!† (line 18) and â€Å"Thee in thy panoply, thy measured dual throbbing, and thy beat convulsive;   / Thy black cylindric body, golden brass, and silvery steel;   / Thy ponderous side-bars, parallel and connecting rods, gyrating, shuttling at thy sides; / Thy metrical, now swelling pant and roar—now tapering in the distance† (lines 2-5). Obviously, here the train is something that commands respect and possesses great power – through words like â€Å"fierce† and the â€Å"golden brass,† â€Å"silvery steel† and â€Å"ponderous side-bars† that actually create the train itself, Whitman is giving a certain amount of power and respect to the man-made train even though it is at odds with nature. Even though Whitman recognizes the significance of the achievement reached by the creation of the train, that does not mean that it does not have ill effects on modern America: it creates â€Å"trills of shrieks by rocks and hills return’d,   / Launch’d o’er the prairies wide† (lines 23-4) and â€Å"dense and murky clouds out-belching from thy smoke-stack† (line 9). While Whitman does give the train its due credit and reverence, he also recognizes the danger that it poses to his previous way of life.One of the most common features of Whitman’s poetry and a significant way it affects his message is his method of cataloguing, which also shows up in this discussion of the locomotive. He begins the poem by speaking directly to the train, calling it â€Å"thy† and â€Å"thee,† and, thereby, allowing a certain amount of respect to be given to the train and, in many ways, humanizing it. The introductory list that catalogues the train’s makeup, power and problems allows the speaker to create a slightly confusing tone: indeed, because this list is mildly ironic in its lauding of the train through describing the destructiveness of the smokestacks and using other words with largely negative connotations (â€Å"Thy long, pale, floating vapor-pennants, tinged with delicate purple† (line8), for example), the power and majesty that is superficially discussed is somewhat undermined. The list in this poem serves the purpose both of allowing the multiple aspects and details of the train to be known and also to convey the complexity that the speaker views this new technology. Indeed, with descriptions likening the train to natural disasters, such as, â€Å"Thy piercing, madly-whistled laughter! thy echoes, rumbling like an earthquake, rousing all!† (line 20), one cannot read â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter† without recognizing the complicated relationships between nature and the train, and Whitman represents this through recognizing the significance of technological advance, but also stating the problems that this can pose to established ways of living.William Carlos Williams’ â€Å"10/27† works to create a holistic image of the technological world. The description that he provides of the cityscape is nothing if not surreal, as he lists objects that don’t necessarily register with the reader, and demonstrates that the person seeing them from the car window is surrounded by lights from different directions. Indeed, when the poet looks out of his car window, he sees â€Å"the white porcelain trough is no doubt made of some certain blanched clay baked and glazed but how they do it, how they shape it soft and have it hold its shape for the oven I dont know nor how the cloth is woven, the grey and the black with the orange and green strips wound together diagonally across the grain artificial pneumothorax their faces!†, demonstrating the complexities of the modern world. Even though the speaker of this poem cannot explain what the objects that he sees are, the idea that this is the world is never challenged or questioned in the poem. Thus, while the modern world is confusing and different, it is still the world and Williams looks to explore that world through his poetry. The images of the world seen through the car window is both making a statement about technological advancement, but is also showing how perspective in this modern world functions. For example, â€Å"Any hat in this window $2.00 barred windows, wavy opaque glass, a block of brownstone at t he edge of the sidewalk crudely stippled on top for a footstep to a carriage, lights with sharp bright spikes, stick out round them their faces,† showing that the windows are barred, the glass opaque, and perspective generally altered even though lights are being provided on this city from multiple different angles.The city lights themselves are at the center of Williams’ â€Å"10/27.† Indeed, the way that the lights are perceived by the speaker are important to how the rest of the objects, and the city in general, is represented in the poem. Williams states, â€Å"STOP in black letters surrounded by a red glow, letters with each bulb a seed in the shaft of the L of the A lights on the river streaking the restless water lights upon pools of rainwater by the roadside a great pool of light full of overhanging sparks into whose lower edge a house looms its center marked by one yellow windowbright their faces,† showing a multitude of lights, some coming from o verhead trains, some from stoplights, and all coming from miscellaneous spots in the city. Indeed, the manufactured, â€Å"unnatural† lights of this poem are what allow the speaker to provide a description of this surreal and odd city, thereby demonstrating that through technological development and the new city life, a different kind of perspective and illumination can be present. Because Williams allows the city to exist in its own space and sphere, the lights that he provides and the description of the city, and thereby locomotives, cars, and other technological advancements, shows a new kind of life.Both Walt Whitman and William Carlos Williams explore accurate representations of the world in their â€Å"To a Locomotive in Winter† and â€Å"10/27† from The Descent of Winter, respectively. While both seek to demonstrate some aspect of life, they both also do it in very different ways. These poets are writing at different moments in the Industrial Revolution, and that is reflected in the ways in which they represent trains and modern society. Whitman shows that while the train and technological advancement certainly have a place in modern American society and essentially are its future, there still is a destructive element to nature as it has been known and that one cannot accept these advancements without a wary eye. Williams, on the other hand, sees this modern technology and the lights provided by overhead trains as something eerie and surreal, even though he uses these images to show the state of the modern world as it is and does not provide a harsh critique of that world. Indeed, both poets recognize problems with the changing of nature, though Whitman struggles with it more than Williams does as represented in these two poems.

Personality Theories and Their Relevance

Biological warfare essays

Biological warfare essays There is no longer a question of whether or not a bioterrorist will attack, but rather the question remains, when will they attack? It is highly likely that a terrorist group could threaten or attack Americans with germs within the next few years, according to President Clinton. (Solomon) Biological warfare intentionally uses viruses, bacteria, fungi, or toxins from living organisms and death or disease in humans, animals, or plants. Fermentation can be used to produce such bacterial agents as anthrax, brucellosis, cholera, meloidosis, plague, q fever, or tularemia. Other viral agents are smallpox, cimean congo HF, rift valley fever, and vee. Use of these types of viruses and bacteria are becoming widespread in many areas of the world because they can affect many people efficiently and are cost effective. Biological weapons can ve traced back to Exodus when God placed the ten plagues upon the Egyptians, as a result of Pharaohs refusal to free the Jews from slavery. These plagues included blood, frogs, vermin, flies, murrain, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the slaying of the first born. Even though this type of warfare may have had origins as early as Exodus, the methods of making these germs is described in scientific literature and is no secret to terrorists. This germ warfare is an especially serious threat for several different reasons. The first reason is the ability of these germ agents to be undetectable to spy technology. Secondly, the warfare labs that are used to produce these germs are difficult to detect, and major nations sometimes work together collectively to produce these agents for use in warfare. Most importantly, it is against this threat that there may be no defense. Even though bioterrorism has been banned, it poses the greatest threat upon the Western World because of the mobility of their population. For this reason it is necessary for extremists to use ae...

HCV homologs in nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HCV homologs in nature - Essay Example Viruses are one of the microbes that have caused severe harm to human life and health. Out of the whole pool of viruses, is hepatitis C virus that has infected around 3% of the global population. The question of finding a HCV homolog in other animals is essential to probe deeper into its phylogenetic linkage in nature. This review highlights the homolog Hepatitis C Virus in infected dogs termed as Canine Hepatitis C virus, and in healthy horses as well as bats. A whole array of techniques has been discussed in detail employed by the scientists in these discoveries such as nested PCR, RT- PCR as well as microarray techniques. Recently, rodent models have also been reported using these techniques owing to the ease of handling and ethically appropriate. A comparison of the novel viruses reported by different scientists was also compared in order to assess the similarities and differences between these viruses. With such findings at our disposal, scientists can better understand disease mechanisms and thus conduct quality research in disease prevention in terms of vaccine development as well as cure. Viruses have been the ‘danger microbes’ since centuries. The world has suffered great losses in many pandemics such as 1918 flu pandemic targeting roughly around 50 -100 million people which makes 5% of the world population at that time. (Patterson, 1991) (Johnson, 2002). History has witnessed many such disease disasters such as AIDS pandemic in 1981 killing around 25 million people. (Mawar, 2005). With human life so vulnerable to viruses, it is of utmost importance to study the impact of novel viruses on human health. It is now believed that many animal viruses cause two-thirds of infectious diseases in humans. For example, the Nipah, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Ebola viruses have been found abundantly in bats in a study conducted by researchers in Columbia University and Eco-health Alliance. During a four-year study from 2006 – 20 10, hundreds of urine and fecal samples of bats were tested for viral sequences. Results showed the prevalence of nine virus families in the samples and discovery of 50 novel viruses (ten of which had similarity with Nipah virus, and was responsible for many outbreaks in South Asia). (Kupperschmidt, 2013) Hsieh et al discovered a novel strain of swine Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pigs which was thought to be the causal agent in more than 10% non-A, non-B and non-C hepatitis patients in Taiwan. (Hseih, 1999) Thus, it becomes important to study the origin of novel viruses and the extent of danger they pose to human beings. The scope of this paper describes the connection between these viruses and human disease and the techniques used in identification of such viruses. Key Technologies Used Quan et al applied Unbiased High Throughput Sequencing technique for assessment of the serum specimens collected from 415 healthy bats that represented seven families, 26 genera and 33 species in taxo nomic classification; these inhabited five countries - Guatemala, Democratic Republic of China, Nigeria, Cameroon and Kenya. (Quan, 2013) Unbiased High Throughput Screening (UHTS) is one of the best techniques known until now that enable the discovery of novel pathogens. Many novel pathogens have been identified using this technique. Palacios et al reported the discovery of novel arena virus that usually causes mild illness but numerous fatal infections have been identified in patients with solid-organ transplantation. (Palacios, 2008) UHTS provides the advantage that it is unbiased by nature and provides full opportunity to probe the entire tree of life. The protocol of novel pathogen discovery involves amplification and sequencing, raw sequences are assorted into non-redundant sequence sets. Sequences that are unique are assembled into contiguous sequences which are then compared against sequence databases using computational softwares. These softwares match these sequences at nuc leotide and amino